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We can remove the first video in the list to add this one. We can remove the first show in the list to add this one. Clip 1m 41s Video has closed captioning. After reading studies on how children who didn't get breakfast fared poorly in school, the Panthers started a breakfast program that served 20, meals a week to black schoolchildren in 19 different communities. Problems Playing Video?
Report a Problem Closed Captioning. Before you submit an error, please consult our Troubleshooting Guide. Your report has been successfully submitted. They dropped Self Defense from their name in Newton and Seale met while they were both attending Merritt College where they were both members of the African American Association on campus but were anxious for more direct action in the face of violence and oppression against black people in Oakland.
They read widely, including the writings of political and philosophical thinkers like the revolutionist Che Guavara, the sociologist E. Elizabeth: The black panther was originally used as a symbol by the Lowndes County Freedom Organization in Alabama, a black-run political party organized to defeat the white supremacist party in Alabama.
They are there to contain us, to brutalize and murder us because they have their orders to do so, just as the soldiers in Vietnam have their orders to destroy the Vietnamese people. Averill: The ideology that would come to shape the organization grew out of rising class and racial consciousness, as well as the belief that non-violence was an inadequate political strategy to address the needs of the Black community. The founders were also concerned with police harassment in the Black community.
It was legal to carry a firearm in California as long as it was not concealed. Therefore, when they followed police, they had their weapons clearly displayed on the seat or dashboard, showing a willingness to challenge police power and assert the right of armed self-defense for Black people. The Panthers included weapons training for new members, close combat drills, and armed confrontations with police officers. Further, the community would notice this and become interested in the party.
Thus our armed patrols were also a means of recruiting. Elizabeth: When on these patrols men wore leather jackets and berets as uniforms to signify the military discipline of the Panthers as well as a new Black Power identity. Women wore dark colored tops and knee length skirts, often with boots. Their careful adherence to state gun laws was meant to protect them from being charged on weapons infractions.
The organization gained world-wide media attention in May when Seale led a contingent of armed Panthers into the California state capitol building to demonstrate their opposition to a proposed law that would restrict the right to carry loaded weapons on city streets. Membership in the Bay Area surged and Pather units began popping up across the country. This unauthorized expansion prompted Panther leadership to only sanction officially chartered chapters.
Averill: This founding document addressed the major issues facing urban black communities with demands for full employment and adequate housing. Elizabeth: 1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black and oppressed communities. We believe that Black and oppressed people will not be free until we are able to determine our destinies in our own communities ourselves, by fully controlling all the institutions which exist in our communities.
We believe that the federal government is responsible and obligated to give every person employment or a guaranteed income. We believe that if the American businessmen will not give full employment, then the technology and means of production should be taken from the businessmen and placed in the community so that the people of the community can organize and employ all of its people and give a high standard of living.
Elizabeth: 3. We want an end to the robbery by the capitalists of our Black and oppressed communities. We believe that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of 40 acres and two mules.
Forty acres and two mules were promised years ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of Black people.
We will accept the payment in currency which will be distributed to our many communities. The American racist has taken part in the slaughter of over 50 million Black people. Therefore, we feel this is a modest demand that we make. Elizabeth: 5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society.
We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowledge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to relate to anything else. We believe that Black people should not be forced to fight in the military service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like black people, are being victimized by the white racist government of America.
We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary. Elizabeth: 7. We want an immediate end to police brutality and murder of black people. We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by organizing black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality.
We therefore believe that all black people should arm themselves for self defense. Averill: 8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails.
We believe that all black people should be released from the many jails and prisons because they have not received a fair and impartial trial.
Elizabeth: 9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States.
We believe that the courts should follow the United States Constitution so that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the U. Constitution gives a man a right to be tried by his peer group.
A peer is a person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, environmental, historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came.
Averill: We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebiscite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny.
Elizabeth: Some of the first organizing that the BPP did began in when police killed Denzil Dowell in the early morning hours of April 1.
George found his older brother Denzil lying in the street in a pool of blood. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. Your donation is fully tax-deductible. Pien, D. Previous Previous post: Howard University Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Live TV. This Day In History.
History Vault. Recommended for you. How the Union Defended Washington, D. During the Civil War. Daniel Webster. Black Panthers.
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